Oil burner



Dec. 4, 928.

M. ST. CLAIR OIL BURNER Filed May ll, 1925 1712; WWW:

WJZAQ Patented Dec. 4t, 1928.

UNHTED STATES MOFFAT ST. CLAIR, F GALT, ONTARIO, CANADA, ASSIGNOR 0FONE-HALF T0 WILLIAM S. EDWARDS, OF TORONTO, CANADA.

OIL BURNER.

Application file'd May 11, 1925. Serial No. 29,507.

The principal objects of the invention are, to accomplish the burning offuel oil in a very economical manner, utilizing the maximum quantity ofair in the combustion of the fuel.

A further object is to devise a very simple form of atomizing devicewhich may be readily placed in any furnace.

The principal features of the invention consist in directing a currentof air through a tubular passage to rotate the oil spraying nozzlelocated centrally thereof and to effectively mix the maximum quantityofair with the oil to thoroughly atomize same.

A further important feature consists in the novel construction andarrangement of parts, whereby the burner .mechanism is rendered'easilyaccessible and may be readily taken apart, thus enabling easy cleansing,or

renewal, or repair.

A still further important feature consists in the novel constructionofthe delivery tube whereby coking of the oil thereon is eliminated. i

In the drawings, Figure 1 is an elevational view of my improved burner,being shown partly broken away.

Figure 2' is a vertical mid-sectional view through the line 2-2 ofFigure 1.

Figure 3 is a perspective detail of the oil so nozzle and the associatedair directing memher.

In the burning of fuel oils it is well under stood that there is a verygreat diversity in the specific gravities and they are all of lowvolatility.

It is necessary therefore that the oil to be properly burnt must beatomized to a very fine state by some mechanical means; In the presentinvention this is accomplished by throwing the oil centrifugally in avery small quantity intoair moving past the point of delivery at highvelocity and having an extraordinary amount of turbulence.

In the construction herein illustrated, the

cup-shaped base 1 provided with short legs 2 is formed with a pluralityof Studs 3 projecting upwardly from the bottom and the upper ends ofthese studs are formed with angular recesses 4 to receive and hold incentral locaan is provided with a flangei 9 to rest upon the top of thecasing 5 and toward the upper end is formed with an outward flare 10leading to a cylindrical portion 11 having a plurality of radial holes12 therein.

The holes 12 are preferably bored with an upward incline.

An inwardly projecting flange 13 at the top of the member 8 is providedwith a row of holes 14 corresponding with the holes 12 and preferablystaggered on relation thereto.

A flanged ring 15 fits in the upper end of the member 8 and projectsbelow the flange 13 forming an annular'recess 16 communieating with theholes 12 and 14, the inner wall of the flanged ring 15 preferablyconverging upwardly.

stud 17 shouldered at the bottom end is rigidly secured centrally of thecylindrical casing 5 and is provided with a reduced threaded upper endforming a shoulder 18 arranged slightly below the flanged top of thecylindrical casing 5.

The stud is provided with a central orifice 19 communicating with theoil feed pipe 20 which leads through an opening in the side wall of thecasing 5.

Threaded upon the upper end of the stud and abutting the shoulder 18 isa member 21 provided with a flanged portion 22 which engages the innerwall of the tubular member 8 at the bottom thereof, said wall beingslightly countersunk to receive the flange. This flange is mill cutforming a plurality of spirally arranged slots 23 through which the airentering the inlet 6 in the casing 5 is directed.

A tubular member 24 is secured centrally in the top of the member 21 andcommunicates with the central orifice in the stud 17 Itohe opening inthe tube being of a small ore.

The upper end 25 of the tube 24 is enlarged and is formed with a chamber26 which is threaded at the upper end to receive the cap screw 27 whichpasses through and secures-the disc 28 to the top thereof. This disc isformed with a bevelled edge 29.

' A small passage 30 leads downwardly from the'chamber 26 in the upperend of the tubular member 24 and forms an oil discharge passage into thetapering atoinizing cup 31 which surrounds the enlarged upper end 25 ofthe said tube.

The disc 28 is of slightly smaller diameter than the mouth of the cup atits underside and is slightly larger than the mouth of the cup at theupper side so that the narrow annular opening 32 between the cup and thedisc isprotected against foreign matter falling into the cup from aboveand fouling same.

The cup 31 is threaded upon the upper end of a sleeve 33 looselysurrounding the tube 24 and said sleeve is mounted in a ball hearing 34which bearing is supported on the member 21 carried by the stud 17.

The outer bearing ring 35 is secured to the member 21 by a flangedthreaded cap 36 so that thebearing cup may be very easily and quicklyremoved if desired.

A fan member 37 formed with spirally disposed blades 38, preferably setat the opposite angle to the slots 23 in the flange member 22, aresecured to the sleeve 33 above the ball bearing, said fan extendingoutwardly to the ,inner wall of the tubular member 8 and rotatingfreely.

' It will be readily seen that when a current of air is directed intothe cylindrical chamber 5 that it is directed spirally through themember 8 b the arrangement of the slots 23 and as the an blades 38 areset at an angle opposite to the angle of the slots 23 the air willimpinge against these blades to rotate the fan with the maximum velocitand force. The fanis connected to the ball aring supported sleevecarrying the oil cup 31 and the oil fed through the passage 30 is thrownoutwardly by the centrifugal force and directed upwardly by the shape ofthe cup and controlled by the annular opening 32 so that it will spreadin conical form above the cup.

The inwardly converging wall of the flanged ring 15 forms with theexternal wall of the oil cup a convergent throat through which a currentof air is directed past the mouth of the nozzle formed by the rotatingcup 31.

The air passing through the fan 37 is allowed freedom to expand owing tothe flaring enlarged portion 10 of the member 8 and a portion of thisair escapes through the upwardly inclined radial holes 12 and 14. A cylindrical casing 39 rests upon the top of the casing 5 and is spacedfrom the outside of the tubular member 8 and has a plurality of holes 40therethrough through which air may enter from the outside.

The casing 39 is provided with a flange 41 which preferably fits over ahorizontal plate 42 within the furnace and a cylindrical casing 43extends upwardly from the flange 41. This casing is provided with a rowof holes 44 which are arranged about opposite the enlarged portion 11 ofthe member 8 and immediately above the holes 44 the casingis formed withan annular enlargement 45.

An igniting spark plug 46 is introduced into the threaded boss 47 in aline with the annular enlargement 45.

A boss 48 is arranged in the centre of the a suitable pressure blowerand the oil feed pipe is connected to a suitable oil feed supply. Theoil feeds upward through the tube 24 and out of the passage 30 into thecup 31.

The air entering the chamber 5 flows upward 1y through the inclinedslots in the disc- 28 and passing through the tubular member 8 with aspiral swirling motion, it strikes the face of the fan 37 rotating thecup 31 connected with the fan at a high rate of speed. Part of the airflows out through the annular passage surrounding the cu and interceptsthe thin film of oil being disc arged from the cup, breaking it up andmixing therewith. Part of the air is trapped in the enlarged portion ofthe tubular member 8 and is projected upwardly and outwardly through theholes 14 and 16. This together with the natural oil that is broken up bythe first impact of the air flowing around the mouth of the cup isthoroughly mixed with the entire body of air.

, The arrangement of the annular enlargement 45 is a very importantfeature as without this enlargement it is found that the centrifugalaction throws the heavier particles in the oil against the wall of thecasing and as combustion commences at this particular zone, a cokingeffect occurs.

By the provision of the annular channel in the inner wall the airrushing upwardly from the lower holes 40 and 44 and forming a pocket inthe annular recess which prevents the gathering of the oil particlesupon the metal and eliminates coking.

The metal of the casing 43 becomes very hot around the enlargement 45and the heat 1 thereof is refracted inwardly-against the oil beingatomized.

A burner such as described forms a small and very compact unit which maybe readily placed-within a combustion chambed and no operatingmechanical connections therewith are requlred. It is extremely efiicientand effects a very thorough atomization and consequently a' completecombustion of the oil.

What I claim as my invention is 1. An oil burner, comprising thecombinastion with a combustion chamber of a centrifugal oil distributor,a rotary fan secured to said distributor below the same, a tubularcasing encirclin said oil distributor and terminatingimmediately belowthe level of the plane of the distributed oil and enclosing the rotaryfan, a second tubular casing spaced from andencircling the aforesaidcasing and extending beyond the discharge end ofsaidoil distributor intothe interior of said combustion chamber, means for supplying air underpressure to the interiorot the inner casing, circumferentially. spacedopenings throughthe Wall of said outer casing in a plane immediatelybelow the plane of the distributed oil, admitting a restricted inflow ofair from the interior of the combustion chamber into the interior ofsaid outer casing, circumferentially spaced openings in the wall of saidouter casing in a plane below the aforesaid openings and admitting afree flow of air from the combustion chamber interior, and means forsupplying oil to said centrifugal oil distributor. Y

2. An oil burner, comprising a rotatable oil distributing cup, means forfeeding oil to said cup, a tubular member encircling said cup having anenlarged portion formed with I oil distributing cup, a rigid support forsaid oil distributing cup, means for-directing a pressure flow of airaround said cup, a fan connected to the cup actuated by said flow of airto rotate the cup, a tubular member encircling said support and cup andhaving an outwardly flaring upper portion provided with outwardly andupwardly inclined radial holes, a flange extending downwardly andinwardly into said outwardly flared portion and forming an annular airpassage around said cup and an annular air chamber communicating withsaid radial holes and directing a portion of the volume of air into saidannular chamber and through the radial portion of said tubular member inan upward direction, a casing encircling said tubular member and spacedtherefrom and having air openings at the bottom leading outwardly pastthe enlarged portion of said tubular member and having-an annular groovein its inner wall adjacent to the upper end of the tubular member, meansfor directing aflow of air into said tubular member, and means actuatedby said flow of air for rotating said cup. Y

5. An oil burner incombination, a base, a

cylindrical casing supported from the bottom of the base and having anair inlet opening in the side, a" stud rigidly secured centrally of saidcasing and extending vertically there of, a flanged member secured tothe top of said stud and having diagonally disposed slots in theperiphery of said flange, a ball bearing. mounted on said flanged memberabove the flange,-a cup rotatably supported in said ball bearing, acircular fan secured to and rotating with said cup, an oil passage insaid stud opening to the top, a hollow stem leading upwardly from thestud through said bearin'ginto said cup and having a discharge orifice,a cap on said stem spaced above the rim of the cup, a tubular membersupported from said cylindrical casing and enclosing the diagonallyslotted flanged member and fan and cup and forming air dischargepassages around the cup at the top, and a cylindrical casing encirclingand spaced from the tubular member having openings therein arrangedbelow the top of the tubular member.

MUFFAT ST. CLAIR.

